You don't always need prescription medications to lower your
blood pressure. By making these 10 lifestyle changes, you can lower your blood
pressure and reduce your risk of heart disease.
If you've been
diagnosed with high blood pressure (a systolic pressure — the top number — of
140 or above or a diastolic pressure — the bottom number — of 90 or above), you
might be worried about taking medication to bring your numbers down.
Lifestyle plays an
important role in treating your high blood pressure. If you successfully
control your blood pressure with a healthy lifestyle, you may avoid, delay or
reduce the need for medication.
Here are 10 lifestyle
changes you can make to lower your blood pressure and keep it down.
1. Lose
extra pounds and watch your waistline
Blood pressure often increases as weight
increases. Losing just 10 pounds can help reduce your blood pressure. In
general, the more weight you lose, the lower your blood pressure. Losing weight
also makes any blood pressure medications you're taking more effective. You and
your doctor can determine your target weight and the best way to achieve it.
Besides shedding
pounds, you should also keep an eye on your waistline. Carrying too much weight
around your waist can put you at greater risk of high blood pressure. In
general:
Men are at risk if their waist measurement is greater than
40 inches (102 centimeters, or cm).
Women are at risk if their waist measurement is greater than
35 inches (88 cm).
Asian men are at risk if their waist measurement is greater
than 36 inches (90 cm).
Asian women are at risk if their waist measurement is
greater than 32 inches (80 cm).
2. Exercise
regularly
Regular physical activity — at least 30 to 60
minutes most days of the week — can lower your blood pressure by 4 to 9
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). And it doesn't take long to see a difference.
If you haven't been active, increasing your exercise level can lower your blood
pressure within just a few weeks.
If you have prehypertension (systolic pressure
between 120 and 139 or diastolic pressure between 80 and 89), exercise can help
you avoid developing full-blown hypertension. If you already have hypertension,
regular physical activity can bring your blood pressure down to safer levels.
Talk to your doctor about developing an
exercise program. Your doctor can help determine whether you need any exercise
restrictions. Even moderate activity for 10 minutes at a time, such as walking
and light strength training, can help.
But avoid being a "weekend warrior."
Trying to squeeze all your exercise in on the weekends to make up for weekday
inactivity isn't a good strategy. Those sudden bursts of activity could
actually be risky.
3. Eat a
healthy diet
Eating a diet that is rich in whole grains,
fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and skimps on saturated fat and
cholesterol can lower your blood pressure by up to 14 mm Hg. This eating plan
is known as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.
It isn't easy to change your eating habits,
but with these tips, you can adopt a healthy diet:
Keep a food
diary. Writing down what you eat, even for just a week, can shed surprising
light on your true eating habits. Monitor what you eat, how much, when and why.
Consider
boosting potassium. Potassium can lessen the effects of sodium on blood
pressure. The best source of potassium is food, such as fruits and vegetables,
rather than supplements. Talk to your doctor about the potassium level that's
best for you.
Be a smart
shopper. Make a shopping list before heading to the supermarket to avoid
picking up junk food. Read food labels when you shop, and stick to your
healthy-eating plan when you're dining out, too.
Cut yourself
some slack. Although the DASH diet is a lifelong eating guide, it doesn't mean
you have to cut out all of the foods you love. It's OK to treat yourself
occasionally to foods you wouldn't find on a DASH diet menu, like a candy bar
or mashed potatoes with gravy.
4. Reduce
sodium in your diet
Even a small reduction in the sodium in your
diet can reduce blood pressure by 2 to 8 mm Hg. The recommendations for
reducing sodium are:
Limit sodium
to 2,300 milligrams (mg) a day or less.
A lower
sodium level — 1,500 mg a day or less — is appropriate for people 51 years of
age or older, and individuals of any age who are African-American or who have
high blood pressure, diabetes or chronic kidney disease.
To decrease sodium in your diet, consider
these tips:
Track how
much salt is in your diet. Keep a food diary to estimate how much sodium is in
what you eat and drink each day.
Read food
labels. If possible, choose low-sodium alternatives of the foods and beverages
you normally buy.
Eat fewer
processed foods. Potato chips, frozen dinners, bacon and processed lunch meats
are high in sodium.
Don't add
salt. Just 1 level teaspoon of salt has 2,300 mg of sodium. Use herbs or
spices, rather than salt, to add more flavor to your foods.
Ease into
it. If you don't feel like you can drastically reduce the sodium in your diet
suddenly, cut back gradually. Your palate will adjust over time.
5. Limit the
amount of alcohol you drink
Alcohol can be both good and bad for your
health. In small amounts, it can potentially lower your blood pressure by 2 to
4 mm Hg. But that protective effect is lost if you drink too much alcohol —
generally more than one drink a day for women and more than two a day for men.
Also, if you don't normally drink alcohol, you shouldn't start drinking as a
way to lower your blood pressure. There's more potential harm than benefit to
drinking alcohol.
If you drink more than moderate amounts of it,
alcohol can actually raise blood pressure by several points. It can also reduce
the effectiveness of high blood pressure medications.
Track your
drinking patterns. Along with your food diary, keep an alcohol diary to track
your true drinking patterns. One drink equals 12 ounces (355 milliliters, or
mL) of beer, 5 ounces of wine (148 mL) or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor (45
mL). If you're drinking more than the suggested amounts, cut back.
Consider
tapering off. If you're a heavy drinker, suddenly eliminating all alcohol can
actually trigger severe high blood pressure for several days. So when you stop
drinking, do it with the supervision of your doctor or taper off slowly, over
one to two weeks.
Don't binge.
Binge drinking — having four or more drinks in a row — can cause large and
sudden increases in blood pressure, in addition to other health problems.
6. Avoid
tobacco products and secondhand smoke
On top of all the other dangers of smoking,
the nicotine in tobacco products can raise your blood pressure by 10 mm Hg or
more for up to an hour after you smoke. Smoking throughout the day means your
blood pressure may remain constantly high.
You should also avoid secondhand smoke.
Inhaling smoke from others also puts you at risk of health problems, including
high blood pressure and heart disease.
7. Cut back
on caffeine
The role caffeine plays in blood pressure is
still debatable. Drinking caffeinated beverages can temporarily cause a spike
in your blood pressure, but it's unclear whether the effect is temporary or long
lasting.
To see if caffeine raises your blood pressure,
check your pressure within 30 minutes of drinking a cup of coffee or another
caffeinated beverage you regularly drink. If your blood pressure increases by
five to 10 points, you may be sensitive to the blood pressure raising effects
of caffeine.
Regardless of your sensitivity to caffeine's
effects, doctors recommend you drink no more than 200 milligrams a day — about
the amount in two cups of coffee.
8. Reduce
your stress
Stress or anxiety can temporarily increase
blood pressure. Take some time to think about what causes you to feel stressed,
such as work, family, finances or illness. Once you know what's causing your
stress, consider how you can eliminate or reduce stress.
If you can't eliminate all of your stressors,
you can at least cope with them in a healthier way. Take breaks for
deep-breathing exercises. Get a massage or take up yoga or meditation. If
self-help doesn't work, seek out a professional for counseling.
9. Monitor
your blood pressure at home and make regular doctor's appointments
If you have high blood pressure, you may need
to monitor your blood pressure at home. Learning to self-monitor your blood
pressure with an upper arm monitor can help motivate you. Talk to your doctor
about home monitoring before getting started.
Regular visits to your doctor are also likely
to become a part of your normal routine. These visits will help keep tabs on
your blood pressure.
Have a
primary care doctor. People who don't have a primary care doctor find it harder
to control their blood pressure. If you can, visit the same health care
facility or professional for all of your health care needs.
Visit your
doctor regularly. If your blood pressure isn't well controlled, or if you have
other medical problems, you might need to visit your doctor every month to
review your treatment and make adjustments. If your blood pressure is under
control, you might need to visit your doctor only every six to 12 months,
depending on other conditions you might have.
10. Get
support from family and friends
Supportive family and friends can help improve
your health. They may encourage you to take care of yourself, drive you to the
doctor's office or embark on an exercise program with you to keep your blood
pressure low. Talk to your family and friends about the dangers of high blood
pressure.